What types of cases do federal courts hear?

• A. Cases involving only state laws.
• B. Cases arising in local city ordinances only.
• C. Cases related to violations of federal laws, including constitutional violations.
• D. International treaties disputes.

Answer: (C)

Federal courts hear cases that arise under federal law and the U.S. Constitution. They interpret and apply federal statutes, enforce constitutional rights, and handle matters involving the federal government, federal agencies, or treaties. Because of that, disputes alleging violations of federal law or constitutional rights belong in federal court. This includes civil rights claims and many federal statutory offenses.

In contrast, cases based solely on state law or local ordinances are typically for state or local courts, unless a federal question or other federal jurisdictional basis applies. International treaty disputes can involve federal questions, which is why they often land in federal court, but the defining point is whether the issue involves federal law or constitutional rights.